Terraces are very cost effective – especially if the basic ‘envelope’ is a simple rectangular block
Keep the individual building plot as compact as possible – the more land someone needs to buy, the more expensive their home will be
While the external look initially appears very functional, by playing with the window layout, render colours and the arrangement of the roof terraces the mass of a block can be broken up
By recruiting and managing a number of sub-contractors (rather than hiring one main contractor) and bulk purchasing materials (for example the windows) it is possible to deliver significant cost savings
INTRODUCTION
These homes were organised and built by a group of friends. The 1,500 sq m site cost €450,000, and the build cost (for all 11 homes) was €2,422,365. This resulted in an average cost per home of just over €261,000 – that’s approximately £185,000 for a four bedroom 140 sq m property (this includes the land, construction cost and all fees).
Sub-contractors, managed by the architect on behalf of the group, undertook the main construction work. Most of the homes were fully finished; some were provided as shells and then fitted out by the occupants.
Location
The plot is located in a residential area at the Rummelsburg Bay – about five miles east of the city centre, between the districts of Friedrichshain and Lichtenberg.
Location of the Elf Freunde project
SUMMARY
On a compact suburban site, five miles east of the centre of Berlin, 11 young families worked collaboratively to build these simple terraced properties. While the homes broadly look the same from the outside, internally they are all laid out differently to suit each family
Initiator: Community
Scale: Medium
Site: Urban
Affordability: Intermediate
Opportunity: Collective
Built Form: Terraced
Country: DE
Key Statistics
Completed 2010-11
No. Units 11
Land cost €450,000
Average cost per home £185,000
It forms part of a large urban regeneration initiative on the 130 hectare site of a former industrial and prison complex. The city planners zoned much of the area for residential use (limited to four storeys) and developed an overall master lan, setting out the various blocks for development.
The wider area surrounding the project
THE HOMES
Many of the residential blocks in the plan were reserved for building groups (baugruppen), and they were advertised at a set price (the local market price for the 1,507 sq m site here was €450,000 in 2010). The eleven friends came together to acquire the site – many of them knew each other because they had lived close to each other in the past, and three of them were architects who worked at AFF Architekten.
The block consists of 11 private townhouses, each 5m wide and arranged over four storeys. This proved to be the most cost effective way of delivering lots of internal space. While the external envelope and floor levels are consistent across all the homes, the interiors are laid out to suit each family. The location of the staircase is the only significant internal feature that is common to all.
So, from home to home, there is lots of variety – some have large multi-purpose rooms covering a whole floor level, others are more cellular. Some have double height spaces; some have roof terraces. One or two have their kitchens or living rooms on the upper levels; others at ground floor.
The homes are largely built of concrete reinforced panels. The party walls were constructed using a sand-lime brick. Some of the residents retained the concrete wall and ceiling finishes; other have plastered over it. Some have installed swish new kitchens and expensive furnishings; others have fitted their homes out using salvaged or recycled materials.
Parking is accommodated in two large shared car ports at either end of the terrace.
Simple detailing and clever use of materials resulted in an award winning design Compact rear gardens and one of the shared car portsThe homes under construction
The homes are built to the German KfW House 70 standard – this means they consume less that 60 kW per sq m per year. This is about mid-way between the local Building Regulation requirements and a Passive House specification. The homes are all linked to a local district heating system.
Note how the windows and layouts vary
Each home is 5m wide and 10.7m deep with a small garden at the front, and a deck and modest back yard/garden to the rear. The individual plots are therefore 113.5 sq m – 5m x 22.7m (the homes at either end have slightly larger gardens). The internal layouts vary, but on average each four-storey building delivers around 140 sq m of accommodation – large enough for a generous four-bedroom house.
Although the gardens are small, the road in front is designated as a play street and there is a fair amount of communal space around the development. Six parking spaces are provided under each of the car ports at either end.
The staircase is located in the same position in each house; some owners have retained the concrete wall and ceiling finishes, other have plastered the walls and painted them Internal shots of one of the homes The internal layout of the eleven properties varies from home to home
Top Tip
Terraced projects are well suited to the UK
This approach could be employed in most British town and cities, where terraced homes are already commonplace An upper level dining/kitchen space, partially double height, opening onto a roof terrace/deck above The use of different render colours and textures, and the ‘stepping’ effect they have created along the terrace are inexpensive but very effective architectural details
Top Tip
The quality is in the detail
Clever architectural detailing can add ‘sparkle’ and personality to an otherwise straightforward block
TIMEFRAME
The group was formerly constituted itself early in 2010 and acquired the land shortly afterwards. Planning permission was secured later in the year and construction began early in 2011. The homes were completed in the autumn of 2011.
Most of the homes were fully finished ready for the residents to move in; three or four of the residents opted for a ‘shell finish’ and then organised the fit out themselves.
The land was sold as a single parcel by Liegenschaftsfond, now called Berlin Immobilien Management (BIM) at a fixed price of €450,000.
DEMAND AND MARKETING
The architects who designed the project and then co-ordinated the construction recruited the members of the group. A preliminary design was prepared to show what was possible, and to begin with the architects touted this around their own office members, and then their friends and family. The group grew rapidly, and in the end it only needed to find two additional participants. It advertised for these using the online site www.immobilienscout24.de
A total of 38 people now live there – mainly younger families.
COST AND FINANCING
The cost of the site was €450,000 and this was effectively divided between all the purchasers, who each raised around €41,000. All eleven of the buyers went to a notary to pay their share, and then the total amount was forwarded to the Berlin Housing Department (the Liegenschaftsfonds).
Each of the members set up a loan to fund their portion of the project. Most of the residents arranged this with the ING-DiBa bank, which had a financial product to facilitate projects like this. The money each participant raised was then drawn down in stages to pay the various sub-contractors.
The construction of the block cost €2,422,365 including all fees and other incidentals, so the all-up price was €2,872,365 (including the land).
This works out at an average of €261,000 per home (roughly £185,000). For those that decided to fit out their own ‘shell’ the cost was close to €200,000; for the members of the group that had a home built ready for occupation the cost was nearer €300,000.
The main construction work cost around €1,900 per sq m. This works out at about £1,350 per sq m – good value for a four storey, low energy home.
PLANNING
Planning permission was obtained straightforwardly. The site was covered by a ‘B-Plan’ that set out broadly what could and could not be built. The group submitted its proposals, which complied with the B-Plan, and the scheme was quickly approved.
The 11 homes are all different – with a real mixture of uses on each level and different internal styles and finishes
THANKS TO…
This case study was compiled with reference to the following sources:Martin Fröhlich – Elf Freunde / AFF ArchitektenUlrike Dix – Elf Freunde / AFF Architekten
Top Tip
Compact plots equal affordable plots
If people need to build to a tight budget, exploiting small plots and constructing simple terrace properties offers really good value for money
The NaCSBA Research & Development Programme is funded by the Nationwide Foundation and aims to promote the self-build and custom build sector as an affordable route into housing for a greater number of people in the UK.For further information, please visit:www.nacsba.org.uk or www.selfbuildportal.org.uk
Elf Freunde, Berlin
Initiator: Community
Scale: Medium
Site: Urban
Affordability: Intermediate
Opportunity: Collective
Built Form: Terraced
Country: DE
The wider area surrounding the project
Simple detailing and clever use of materials resulted in an award winning design 
Compact rear gardens and one of the shared car ports 
The homes under construction
The homes are built to the German KfW House 70 standard – this means they consume less that 60 kW per sq m per year. This is about mid-way between the local Building Regulation requirements and a Passive House specification. The homes are all linked to a local district heating system.
Note how the windows and layouts vary
Each home is 5m wide and 10.7m deep with a small garden at the front, and a deck and modest back yard/garden to the rear. The individual plots are therefore 113.5 sq m – 5m x 22.7m (the homes at either end have slightly larger gardens). The internal layouts vary, but on average each four-storey building delivers around 140 sq m of accommodation – large enough for a generous four-bedroom house.
Although the gardens are small, the road in front is designated as a play street and there is a fair amount of communal space around the development. Six parking spaces are provided under each of the car ports at either end.
The staircase is located in the same position in each house; some owners have retained the concrete wall and ceiling finishes, other have plastered the walls and painted them 
Internal shots of one of the homes 
The internal layout of the eleven properties varies from home to home
An upper level dining/kitchen space, partially double height, opening onto a roof terrace/deck above 
The use of different render colours and textures, and the ‘stepping’ effect they have created along the terrace are inexpensive but very effective architectural details
early 2010 Group forms
The 11 homes are all different – with a real mixture of uses on each level and different internal styles and finishes
